ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণে Comparison of Degrees (Positive, Comparative, Superlative) একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অধ্যায়। এটি Adjective বা Adverb-এর মাধ্যমে কোনো কিছুর গুণ, পরিমাণ বা বৈশিষ্ট্য তুলনা করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
এই আর্টিকেলে আমরা Changing of Degrees-এর Best 10 Rules, টেবিল আকারে উদাহরণ, এবং প্রয়োজনীয় Practice Exercises শিখব যা পরীক্ষায় অত্যন্ত সহায়ক হবে।
Master 5 Sentence Transformation: Assertive to Exclamatory
Best 10 Rules of Degrees in English Grammar
Rule 1: এক Syllable-যুক্ত শব্দ
- Comparative: শেষে -er
- Superlative: শেষে -est
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| tall | taller | tallest |
| small | smaller | smallest |
| long | longer | longest |
Rule 2: দুই বা ততোধিক Syllable-যুক্ত শব্দ
- Comparative: আগে more
- Superlative: আগে most
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| beautiful | more beautiful | most beautiful |
| difficult | more difficult | most difficult |
| interesting | more interesting | most interesting |
Rule 3: Words Ending in “e”
- শুধু -r / -st যোগ করতে হয়।
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| large | larger | largest |
| brave | braver | bravest |
| wise | wiser | wisest |
Rule 4: Words Ending in “y”
- “y” → “i” হয়ে শেষে -er / -est হয়।
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| happy | happier | happiest |
| easy | easier | easiest |
| heavy | heavier | heaviest |
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Rule 5: Doubling the Consonant
- ছোট শব্দের শেষে consonant থাকলে consonant ডাবল হয়।
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| big | bigger | biggest |
| hot | hotter | hottest |
| fat | fatter | fattest |
Rule 6: Irregular Degree Changes
- কিছু শব্দ নিয়ম ভাঙে।
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| little | less | least |
| many | more | most |
Rule 7: Using “Less” and “Least”
- কম বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| important | less important | least important |
| useful | less useful | least useful |
Rule 8: Comparative with “Than”
- Comparative Degree সবসময় than দিয়ে তুলনা করে।
✅ Examples:
- She is taller than her sister.
- This book is more useful than that one.
Rule 9: Superlative with “Of All”
- Superlative Degree সাধারণত of all দিয়ে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
✅ Examples:
- He is the best boy of all.
- Mount Everest is the highest mountain of all.
Rule 10: Common Mistakes to Avoid
- ভুল রূপগুলো থেকে সাবধান থাকতে হবে।
| ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct |
| more better | better |
| most tallest | tallest |
| more wiser | wiser |
Master Table: Changing of Degrees of Comparison
| Positive Structure | Comparative Structure | Superlative Structure |
| adj | adj + er + than | adj + est |
| adj | more + adj + than | most + adj |
| adj | adj + r | adj + st |
| adj (y → i) | adj + er | adj + est |
| adj | adj + er | adj + est |
| adj | comparative form | superlative form |
| adj | less + adj + than | least + adj |
| as + adj + as | — | — |
| not as/so + adj + as | less + adj + than | — |
| No other + noun + is as + adj + as | noun + is + adj + er + than any other | noun + is the + adj + est |
| Very few + plural noun + are as + adj + as | noun + is + adj + er + than most other | noun + is one of the + adj + est |
| — | — | the + superlative + of/in/among |
| — | the + comparative … the + comparative | — |
Comparison of Adjectives (Degree)
Changing Degrees with Examples
From Superlative & Comparative → Positive
- He is the tallest boy in the class. → No other boy in the class is as tall as he.
- He is taller than any other boy in the class. → No other boy in the class is as tall as he.
- The Padma is the largest river in Bangladesh. → No other river in Bangladesh is as large as the Padma.
- He is the best boy I have ever found. → No other boy I have ever found is as good as he.
From Positive → Comparative & Superlative
- The cow is more useful than most other animals.
→ Very few animals are as useful as the cow.
→ The cow is one of the most useful animals. - Karim is one of the tallest boys in the class.
→ Very few boys in the class are as tall as Karim.
→ Karim is taller than most other boys in the class.
From Comparative → Positive
Rule: Than এর পরের noun/pronoun + verb + so/as + Positive Degree + as + প্রথম noun/pronoun
- He is stronger than I. → I am not as strong as he.
- Tipu is not more intelligent than Dipu. → Dipu is as intelligent as Tipu.
- Tomatoes are cheaper than oranges. → Oranges are not as cheap as tomatoes.
From Positive → Superlative
- He is better than any other boy in the class. → He is the best boy in the class.
- No other boy in the class is as tall as Sabbir. → Sabbir is the tallest boy in the class.
- Hamlet is more popular than most other dramas. → Hamlet is one of the most popular dramas.
Practice Exercises
Change the following sentences as directed:
- Very few insects are as busy as the bee. (Comparative)
- At present cricket is the most popular game in our country. (Comparative)
- It was one of the most memorable journeys in my life. (Positive)
- Cox’s Bazar is the largest sea beach in the world. (Positive)
- Books are the greatest friends. (Positive)
- Very few countries in the world are as populous as it. (Superlative)
- The Padma is bigger than most other rivers in Bangladesh. (Superlative)
- He is stronger than I. (Positive)
- A bird does not fly so fast as a plane. (Comparative)
- Tomatoes are cheaper than oranges. (Positive)
Conclusion
Changing of Degrees শিখে ফেললে Sentence Transformation পরীক্ষায় অনেক সহজ হয়ে যায়। Positive, Comparative এবং Superlative-এর নিয়মগুলো টেবিল ও উদাহরণসহ অনুশীলন করলে যেকোনো বাক্য সহজে পরিবর্তন করা সম্ভব।
FAQ
Q1: Degrees of Comparison কয় প্রকার?
A1: তিন প্রকার—Positive, Comparative, এবং Superlative।
Q2: এক Syllable-যুক্ত শব্দের Comparative কিভাবে হয়?
A2: শেষে -er যোগ হয় (যেমন: tall → taller)।
Q3: দুই বা ততোধিক Syllable-যুক্ত শব্দের Superlative কিভাবে হয়?
A3: আগে most বসে (যেমন: beautiful → most beautiful)।
Q4: Irregular Degree Change কী?
A4: যেসব শব্দ নিয়ম মেনে পরিবর্তিত হয় না, যেমন good → better → best।
Q5: Common mistakes কোনগুলো?
A5: যেমন ❌ more better → ✅ better, ❌ most tallest → ✅ tallest।
