ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণে Comparison of Degrees (Positive, Comparative, Superlative) একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অধ্যায়। এটি Adjective বা Adverb এর মাধ্যমে কোনো কিছুর গুণ, পরিমাণ বা বৈশিষ্ট্য তুলনা করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
এই আর্টিকেলে আমরা Changing of Degrees এর Best 10 Rules, টেবিল আকারে উদাহরণ, এবং প্রয়োজনীয় Practice Exercises শিখব যা পরীক্ষায় অত্যন্ত সহায়ক হবে।
Master 5 Sentence Transformation: Assertive to Exclamatory
Best 10 Rules of Degrees in English Grammar:
Rule 1: এক Syllable যুক্ত শব্দ
- Comparative: শেষে er
- Superlative: শেষে est
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| tall | taller | tallest |
| small | smaller | smallest |
| long | longer | longest |
Rule 2: দুই বা ততোধিক Syllable যুক্ত শব্দ
- Comparative: আগে more
- Superlative: আগে most
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| beautiful | more beautiful | most beautiful |
| difficult | more difficult | most difficult |
| interesting | more interesting | most interesting |
Rule 3: Words Ending in “e”:
- শুধু r / st যোগকরতেহয়।
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| large | larger | largest |
| brave | braver | bravest |
| wise | wiser | wisest |
Rule 4: Words Ending in “y”:
- “y” → “i” হয়েশেষে er / est হয়।
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| happy | happier | happiest |
| easy | easier | easiest |
| heavy | heavier | heaviest |
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Rule 5: Doubling the Consonant
- ছোট শব্দের শেষে consonant থাকলে consonant ডাবল হয়।
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| big | bigger | biggest |
| hot | hotter | hottest |
| fat | fatter | fattest |
Rule 6: Irregular Degree Changes
- কিছু শব্দ নিয়ম ভাঙে।
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| little | less | least |
| many | more | most |
Rule 7: Using “Less” and “Least”
- কম বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| important | less important | least important |
| useful | less useful | least useful |
Rule 8: Comparative with “Than”
- Comparative Degree সবসময় than দিয়ে তুলনা করে।
✅ Examples:
- She is taller than her sister.
- This book is more useful than that one.
Rule 9: Superlative with “Of All”
- Superlative Degree সাধারণত of all দিয়ে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
✅ Examples:
- He is the best boy of all.
- Mount Everest is the highest mountain of all.
Rule 10: Common Mistakes to Avoid
- ভুল রূপগুলো থেকে সাবধান থাকতে হবে।
| ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct |
| more better | better |
| most tallest | tallest |
| more wiser | wiser |
Master Table: Changing of Degrees of Comparison
| Positive Structure | Comparative Structure | Superlative Structure |
| adj | adj + er + than | adj + est |
| adj | more + adj + than | most + adj |
| adj | adj + r | adj + st |
| adj (y → i) | adj + er | adj + est |
| adj | adj + er | adj + est |
| adj | comparative form | superlative form |
| adj | less + adj + than | least + adj |
| as + adj + as | ||
| not as/so + adj + as | less + adj + than | |
| No other + noun + is as + adj + as | noun + is + adj + er + than any other | noun + is the + adj + est |
| Very few + plural noun + are as + adj + as | noun + is + adj + er + than most other | noun + is one of the + adj + est |
| — | — | the + superlative + of/in/among |
| — | the + comparative … the + comparative |
Comparison of Adjectives (Degree)
Changing Degrees with Examples
From Superlative & Comparative → Positive
- He is the tallest boy in the class. → No other boy in the class is as tall as he.
- He is taller than any other boy in the class. → No other boy in the class is as tall as he.
- The Padma is the largest river in Bangladesh. → No other river in Bangladesh is as large as the Padma.
- He is the best boy I have ever found. → No other boy I have ever found is as good as he.
From Positive → Comparative & Superlative
- The cow is more useful than most other animals.
→ Very few animals are as useful as the cow.
→ The cow is one of the most useful animals. - Karim is one of the tallest boys in the class.
→ Very few boys in the class are as tall as Karim.
→ Karim is taller than most other boys in the class.
From Comparative → Positive
Rule: Than এর পরের noun/pronoun + verb + so/as + Positive Degree + as + প্রথম noun/pronoun
- He is stronger than I. → I am not as strong as he.
- Tipu is not more intelligent than Dipu. → Dipu is as intelligent as Tipu.
- Tomatoes are cheaper than oranges. → Oranges are not as cheap as tomatoes.
From Positive → Superlative
- He is better than any other boy in the class. → He is the best boy in the class.
- No other boy in the class is as tall as Sabbir. → Sabbir is the tallest boy in the class.
- Hamlet is more popular than most other dramas. → Hamlet is one of the most popular dramas.
Practice Exercises:
Change the following sentences as directed:
- Very few insects are as busy as the bee. (Comparative)
- At present cricket is the most popular game in our country. (Comparative)
- It was one of the most memorable journeys in my life. (Positive)
- Cox’s Bazar is the largest sea beach in the world. (Positive)
- Books are the greatest friends. (Positive)
- Very few countries in the world are as populous as it. (Superlative)
- The Padma is bigger than most other rivers in Bangladesh. (Superlative)
- He is stronger than I. (Positive)
- A bird does not fly so fast as a plane. (Comparative)
- Tomatoes are cheaper than oranges. (Positive)
Conclusion:
Changing of Degrees শিখে ফেললে Sentence Transformation পরীক্ষায় অনেক সহজ হয়ে যায়। Positive, Comparative এবংSuperlative এর নিয়মগুলো টেবিল ও উদাহরণসহ অনুশীলন করলে যেকোনো বাক্য সহজে পরিবর্তন করা সম্ভব।
FAQ:
Q1: Degrees of Comparison কয়প্রকার?
A1: তিনপ্রকার – Positive, Comparative, এবংSuperlative।
Q2: একSyllable – যুক্ত শব্দের Comparative কিভাবে হয়?
A2: শেষে er যোগ হয়(যেমন: tall → taller)।
Q3: দুই বা ততোধিক Syllable – যুক্ত শব্দের Superlative কিভাবে হয়?
A3: আগে most বসে (যেমন: beautiful → most beautiful)।
Q4: Irregular Degree Change কী?
A4: যে সব শব্দ নিয়ম মেনে পরিবর্তিত হয় না, যেমন good → better → best।
Q5: Common mistakes কোনগুলো?
A5: যেমন ❌ more better → ✅ better, ❌ most tallest → ✅ tallest।